Python Requests 模組簡化 HTTP 客戶端

$ sudo yum install python-requests

$ sudo pip install requests

>>> import requests
>>> result = requests.get('http://www.bbc.co.uk/news')
>>> len(result.text)
145858
>>>

>>> result = requests.head('http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/')
>>> len(result.text)
0
>>> result.status_code
200
>>> for k, v in result.headers.iteritems():
...     print "%s: %s" % (k, v)
...
x-lb-nocache: true
content-length: 145858
content-type: text/html
content-language: en-GB
set-cookie: BBC-UID=f5933797120e92467907670df14f1beb2510f8d4b4f4d11e3a3144ee92a8ee880python-requests/2.3.0%20CPython/2.7.5%20Darwin/13.2.0; expires=Wed, 16-May-18 09:38:46 GMT; path=/; domain=.bbc.co.uk
expires: Sat, 17 May 2014 09:38:37 GMT
vary: X-CDN
server: Apache
connection: keep-alive
x-cache-hits: 9
x-cache-action: HIT
cache-control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
date: Sat, 17 May 2014 09:38:46 GMT
x-cache-age: 9
>>>

>>> form_data = {'email': '[email protected]', 'password': 'secret'}
>>> result = requests.post('https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/login.htm', data=form_data)
>>> result.url
u'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html'
>>>

>>> form_data = {'email': '[email protected]', 'password': 'secret'}
>>> result = requests.post('https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/login.htm', data=form_data)
>>> result.url
u'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html'
>>> result = requests.get('https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html')
>>> result.url
u'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/login.htm?redirectTo=http%3A%2F%2Fauth.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcustomer-portal%2Fmyaccount%2Findex.html&logintype=tmg'
>>>

>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> form_data = {'email': '[email protected]', 'password': 'secret'}
>>> result = session.post('https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/login.htm', data=form_data)
>>> result.url
u'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html'
>>> result = session.get('https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html')
>>> result.url
u'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html'
>>>

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import time
import requests
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
from optparse import OptionParser

NAGIOS_OK = 0
NAGIOS_WARNING = 1
NAGIOS_CRITICAL = 2

WEBSITE_LOGON = 'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/login.htm'
WEBSITE_LOGOFF = 'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/sam-ui/logoff.htm'
WEBSITE_USER = '[email protected]'
WEBSITE_PASS = 'secret'

def test_logon_logoff():
    session = requests.Session()
    form_data = {'email': WEBSITE_USER, 'password': WEBSITE_PASS}
    status = []
    try:
        # 測試登入
        result = session.post(WEBSITE_LOGON, data=form_data)
        html_logon = result.text
        soup_logon = BeautifulSoup(html_logon)
        logon_ok = validate_logon(soup_logon.head.title.text, result.url)
        
        # 測試登出
        result = session.get(WEBSITE_LOGOFF)
        html_logoff = result.text
        soup_logoff = BeautifulSoup(html_logoff)
        logoff_ok = validate_logoff(soup_logoff.head.title.text, result.url)
        
        if logon_ok and logoff_ok:
            status = [NAGIOS_OK, 'Logon/logoff operation']
        else:
            status = [NAGIOS_CRITICAL, 'ERROR: Failed to logon and then logoff to the web site']
    except:
        status = [NAGIOS_CRITICAL, 'ERROR: Failure in the logon/logoff test']
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
    return status

#### 內容解密：
此函式 `test_logon_logoff` 主要用於測試網站的登入和登出功能。首先，它建立一個 `requests.Session()` 物件來維持整個過程中的 session。然後，它準備了登入所需的表單資料，包括電子郵件和密碼。接著，它嘗試進行登入和登出操作，並透過 `validate_logon` 和 `validate_logoff` 函式驗證操作是否成功。如果兩者皆成功，則傳回 `NAGIOS_OK` 狀態；否則，傳回 `NAGIOS_CRITICAL` 狀態，並附上錯誤訊息。

### 登入驗證函式

```python
def validate_logon(title, redirect_url):
    result = True
    if title.find('My Account') == -1:
        result = False
    if redirect_url != 'https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/customer-portal/myaccount/index.html':
        result = False
    return result

def validate_logoff(title, redirect_url):
    result = True
    if title.find('My Account') != -1:
        result = False
    if redirect_url != 'http://www.telegraph.co.uk':
        result = False
    return result

def main():
    parser = OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-w', dest='time_warn', default=3.8, help="Warning threshold in seconds, default: %default")
    parser.add_option('-c', dest='time_crit', default=5.8, help="Critical threshold in seconds, default: %default")
    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    
    if float(options.time_crit) < float(options.time_warn):
        options.time_warn = options.time_crit
    
    start = time.time()
    code, message = test_logon_logoff()
    elapsed = time.time() - start
    
    # 根據執行結果和耗時傳回對應的 Nagios 狀態碼

import subprocess

def execute_check(sensor_command):
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(sensor_command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        return result.stdout.decode('utf-8'), result.returncode
    except Exception as e:
        return str(e), -1

def main():
    sensor_command = "your_sensor_command_here"
    output, return_code = execute_check(sensor_command)
    print(f"Output: {output}")
    print(f"Return Code: {return_code}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()